Detección de las necesidades de capacitación de los asistentes de farmacia / Detection of training needs in pharmacy assistants

Introducción: La capacitación es, sin duda, uno de los temas actuales más importantes cuando se habla de competitividad, innovación y mejora continua de una empresa. Este proceso implica: detección de necesidades, planeación, implementación, evaluación, retroalimentación y seguimiento de resultados. El eje fundamental de este proceso es el Diagnóstico de Necesidades de Capacitación, pues señala de manera precisa los aspectos sobre los cuales ha de trabajar el capacitador. Objetivo: Realizar un diagnóstico de las necesidades de capacitación de los asistentes de farmacia del Municipio Santa Clara. Métodos: Para elaborar el Diagnóstico de Necesidades de Capacitación se utilizó el método comparativo. Este método se basa en la identificación de las discrepancias entre lo que es y lo debe ser, lo que posibilita constatar los requisitos que son necesarios cubrir. Se utilizaron como técnicas la entrevista y la encuesta. Resultados: Finalmente, después del análisis de todos los datos obtenidos de las matrices y preguntas abiertas, se elaboró el Diagnóstico de Necesidades de Capacitación final que se entregó a la Empresa Farmacias y Ópticas. Conclusiones: Estos resultados mostraron que esta empresa necesita de manera inmediata implementar actividades de capacitación a sus asistentes de farmacia en lo referente a conocimientos.

Introduction: training is, undoubtedly one of the most important current issues when talking about competitiveness, innovation and continuous improvement of a company. This process involves: detection of needs, planning, implementation, evaluation, feedback and monitoring of results. The fundamental axis of this process is the Diagnosis of Training Needs, since it indicates precisely the aspects on which the trainer must work. Objective: to carry out a diagnosis of the training needs in pharmacy assistants from Santa Clara municipality. Methods: the comparative method was use to prepare the Training Needs Diagnosis. This method is based on the identification of discrepancies between what is and what should be; it made possible to verify the necessary requirements to be met. Interviews and surveys were used as techniques. Results: Finally, after analyzing all the data obtained from the matrices and the open questions, a final Diagnosis of Training Needs was prepared and delivered to the Pharmacy and Optics Company. Conclusions: these results showed that this company needs to immediately implement training activities for their pharmacy assistants in terms of knowledge.

Manejo y resultados de pacientes con diverticulitis aguda: experiencia de cinco años en el Hospital San Vicente Fundación / Management and results of patients with acute diverticulitis. Five year-experience at the San Vicente Fundación Hospital

Introducción. Los datos epidemiológicos de la diverticulitis en Colombia son limitados. El objetivo de este artículo fue caracterizar una población que ingresó con diverticulitis aguda al Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, un centro de referencia de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, para analizar la presentación y comportamiento de la enfermedad en la población local, con estadísticas propias y desenlaces de la enfermedad en los últimos años. Métodos. Estudio observacional retrospectivo, descriptivo, entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2019. Se hizo un estudio exploratorio uni-, bi- y multivariado de factores de riesgo para fallo en el tratamiento y la mortalidad. Resultados. Se incluyeron 103 pacientes. Se presentó principalmente en mujeres y la edad promedio fue de 65 años. La diverticulitis Hinchey Ia fue la más frecuente (41,7 %) y el manejo médico fue exitoso en todos los casos, mientras que en las tipo III y IV, todos se manejaron de forma quirúrgica, con tasas de éxito entre el 50 y el 64 %. La presencia de signos de irritación peritoneal al examen físico, el recuento de leucocitos y la PCR, el ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y la mortalidad aumentaron de forma directamente proporcional con el estadio de Hinchey. Conclusiones. Existe una relación directamente proporcional entre la clasificación de Hinchey y los signos de respuesta inflamatoria clínicos y paraclínicos, la necesidad de manejo quirúrgico, la estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y la mortalidad.

Introduction. Epidemiological data on diverticulitis in Colombia are limited. The objective of this article was to characterize a population that was admitted with acute diverticulitis to the San Vicente Fundación University Hospital, a reference center in the city of Medellín, Colombia, to analyze the presentation and behavior of the disease in the local population, with its own statistics, and outcomes of the disease in recent years. Methods. Retrospective descriptive observational study between January 2015 and December 2019. An exploratory uni-, bi- and multivariate study of risk factors for treatment failure and mortality was performed. Results. A total of 103 patients were included. The most frequent Hinchey classification was Ia (41.7%). It occurs mainly in women, mean age 65 years. Hinchey Ia diverticulitis is the most frequent and medical management is successful in 100% of cases; while in III and IV, 100% were managed surgically with success rates between 50 and 64%. The presence of peritoneal signs on physical examination, leukocyte count and CRP, ICU admission and mortality increased directly proportional with Hinchey stage. Conclusions. There is a directly proportional relationship between Hinchey staging with clinical and paraclinical signs of inflammatory response, need for surgical management, ICU stay and mortality.

Kairos in diagnostics.

Kairos has been a key concept in medicine for millennia and is frequently understood as "the right time" in relation to treatment. In this study we scrutinize kairos in the context of diagnostics. This has become highly topical as technological developments have caused diagnostics to be performed ever earlier in the disease development. Detecting risk factors, precursors, and predictors of disease (in biomarkers, pre-disease, and pre-pre-disease) has resulted in too early diagnoses, i.e., overdiagnoses. Nonetheless, despite vast advances in science and technology, diagnoses also come too late. Accordingly, timing diagnostics right is crucial. In this article we start with giving a brief overview of the etymology and general use of the concepts of kairos and diagnosis. Then we delimit kairos in diagnostics by analysing "too early" and "too late" diagnosis and by scrutinizing various phases of diagnostics. This leads us to define kairos of diagnostics as the time when there is potential for sufficient information for making a diagnosis that is most helpful for the person. It allows us to conclude that kairos is as important in diagnostics as in therapeutics.

[The multi-professional alliance in the diagnostic process]. / L'alliance pluriprofessionnelle dans la démarche diagnostique.

Professional support for elderly people suffering from cognitive impairment needs to be comprehensive, and requires the active involvement of a wide range of professionals. Two clinical cases show how the combined support of a therapeutic day-care center and medical specialists can improve the quality of life of patients and their families, by helping to refine diagnoses or adjust treatment.

Artificial Intelligence vs Clinician Performance in Estimating Probabilities of Diagnoses Before and After Testing.

This diagnostic study compares the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) with that of human clinicians in estimating the probability of diagnoses before and after testing.

MIASIS OCULAR Y BUCAL, A PROPÓSITO DE DOS CASOS / MYASIS EYE AND MOUTH, BY THE WAY OF TWO CASES

La palabra "miasis" proviene del griego, "myia" que significa mosca. La enfermedad corresponde a los daños causados por la invasión de larvas de moscas a tejidos del hombre u otros vertebrados

The term 'Myiasis' originates from the ancient Greek word 'myia', meaning 'fly'. This disease refers to tissue damage caused by the infestation of fly larvae in humans or other vertebrates

The Psychosomatic Traits of "People with the Five Elements in Traditional Chinese Medicine": A Qualitative Study.

Objective: To identify the representative attributes of the five elements of a person with a qualitative methodology and provide the basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of "people with the five elements in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)." Methods: Data collected from the literature review, two sessions of brainstorming of experts with related experience in "people with the five elements in TCM" from October 2020 to December 2020, and six rounds of in-depth interviews with 30 participants who had various attributes of the five elements from March 2021 to October 2021 were analyzed. Triangulation was used in this study, and theming and synthesizing were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 31 experts and 30 interviewees participated in this study. The median age of the experts and interviewees were 48.0 and 38.5 years, respectively; 51.66% and 54.8% of experts and interviewees, respectively, were men. The descriptors of facial diagrams of "people with the five elements in TCM" were complexion, shape, distribution state of facial bones, convergence trend of facial muscles, and facial expression. A theoretical model of "people with the five elements in TCM" was shaped based on these findings. Conclusion: The study suggests a possibility for bridging the gap between personality and bodily state, identifying an avenue for personality research from the perspective of TCM.

Measuring the Impact of AI in the Diagnosis of Hospitalized Patients: A Randomized Clinical Vignette Survey Study.

Importance: Artificial intelligence (AI) could support clinicians when diagnosing hospitalized patients; however, systematic bias in AI models could worsen clinician diagnostic accuracy. Recent regulatory guidance has called for AI models to include explanations to mitigate errors made by models, but the effectiveness of this strategy has not been established. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of systematically biased AI on clinician diagnostic accuracy and to determine if image-based AI model explanations can mitigate model errors. Design, Setting, and Participants: Randomized clinical vignette survey study administered between April 2022 and January 2023 across 13 US states involving hospitalist physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants. Interventions: Clinicians were shown 9 clinical vignettes of patients hospitalized with acute respiratory failure, including their presenting symptoms, physical examination, laboratory results, and chest radiographs. Clinicians were then asked to determine the likelihood of pneumonia, heart failure, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as the underlying cause(s) of each patient's acute respiratory failure. To establish baseline diagnostic accuracy, clinicians were shown 2 vignettes without AI model input. Clinicians were then randomized to see 6 vignettes with AI model input with or without AI model explanations. Among these 6 vignettes, 3 vignettes included standard-model predictions, and 3 vignettes included systematically biased model predictions. Main Outcomes and Measures: Clinician diagnostic accuracy for pneumonia, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results: Median participant age was 34 years (IQR, 31-39) and 241 (57.7%) were female. Four hundred fifty-seven clinicians were randomized and completed at least 1 vignette, with 231 randomized to AI model predictions without explanations, and 226 randomized to AI model predictions with explanations. Clinicians' baseline diagnostic accuracy was 73.0% (95% CI, 68.3% to 77.8%) for the 3 diagnoses. When shown a standard AI model without explanations, clinician accuracy increased over baseline by 2.9 percentage points (95% CI, 0.5 to 5.2) and by 4.4 percentage points (95% CI, 2.0 to 6.9) when clinicians were also shown AI model explanations. Systematically biased AI model predictions decreased clinician accuracy by 11.3 percentage points (95% CI, 7.2 to 15.5) compared with baseline and providing biased AI model predictions with explanations decreased clinician accuracy by 9.1 percentage points (95% CI, 4.9 to 13.2) compared with baseline, representing a nonsignificant improvement of 2.3 percentage points (95% CI, -2.7 to 7.2) compared with the systematically biased AI model. Conclusions and Relevance: Although standard AI models improve diagnostic accuracy, systematically biased AI models reduced diagnostic accuracy, and commonly used image-based AI model explanations did not mitigate this harmful effect. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06098950.

The Promise and Pitfalls of AI in the Complex World of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Disease Management.

In this Medical News article, Ida Sim, MD, PhD, a primary care physician and computational precision health expert at the University of California, San Francisco, discusses the ramifications of using AI technologies in patient care.

Recyclable and Robust Optical Nanoprobes with Engineered Enzymes for Sustainable Serodiagnostics.

Recyclable fluorescence assays that can be stored at room temperature would greatly benefit biomedical diagnostics by bringing sustainability and cost-efficiency, especially for point-of-care serodiagnostics in developing regions. Here, a general strategy is proposed to generate recyclable fluorescent probes by using engineered enzymes with enhanced thermo-/chemo-stability, which maintains an outstanding serodiagnostic performance (accuracy >95%) after 10 times of recycling as well as after storage at elevated temperatures (37 °C for 10 days). With these three outstanding properties, recyclable fluorescent probes can be designed to detect various biomarkers of clinical importance by using different enzymes.

Etiologia e fisiopatologia da fibromialgia / Etiology and pathophysiology of fibromyalgia

A fibromialgia é uma condição crônica de etiologia desconhecida e desvinculada de marcadores laboratoriais específicos para diagnóstico, devido à pobre caracterização da etiopatogenia. Em geral, as alterações comuns à fibromialgia também são observadas em outras condições de dor crônica, tornando a patogênese controversa entre diferentes condições patológicas. A etiologia desconhecida dificulta o diagnóstico e, consequentemente, repercute em um tratamento não tão eficaz de pacientes com fibromialgia. A restauração de desordens sistêmicas confere amplo espectro de possibilidades terapêuticas com potencial de orientar profissionais a estabelecer metas e métodos de avaliação. Diante disso, essa revisão narrativa se volta para debater hipóteses etiológicas e fisiopatológicas no desenvolvimento da fibromialgia.

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition of unknown etiology unrelated to specific laboratory markers for diagnosis because of poor etiopathogenesis. In general, the changes common to fibromyalgia are also seen in other chronic pain conditions, making the pathogenesis controversial among different pathological conditions. The unknown etiology makes the diagnosis difficult and consequently has repercussions on a not so effective treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. The restoration of systemic disorders provides a wide spectrum of therapeutic possibilities with the potential to guide professionals in establishing goals and evaluation methods. Therefore, this narrative review discusses the etiological and pathophysiological hypotheses involved in the development of fibromyalgia.

Missing values and inconclusive results in diagnostic studies - A scoping review of methods.

Most diagnostic studies exclude missing values and inconclusive results from the analysis or apply simple methods resulting in biased accuracy estimates. This may be due to the lack of availability or awareness of appropriate methods. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of strategies to handle missing values and inconclusive results in the reference standard or index test in diagnostic accuracy studies. Conducting a systematic literature search in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, we could identify many articles proposing methods for addressing missing values in the reference standard. There are also several articles describing methods regarding missing values or inconclusive results in the index test. The latter encompass imputation, frequentist and Bayesian likelihood, model-based, and latent class methods. While methods for missing values in the reference standard are regularly applied in practice, this is not true for methods addressing missing values and inconclusive results in the index test. Our comprehensive overview and description of available methods may raise further awareness of these methods and will enhance their application. Future research is needed to compare the performance of these methods under different conditions to give valid and robust recommendations for their usage in various diagnostic accuracy research scenarios.

The Mighty Metabolomics: Emerging Tool for Disease Diagnostics.

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Telemedicine Effectiveness in the First Elective Orthopedic Care Compared to a Standard Face-to-face Visit / Efetividade da teleconsulta no primeiro atendimento ortopédico eletivo comparada ao padrão presencial

Abstract Objective The study aimed to compare whether the diagnoses of orthopedic diseases at telemedicine (TM) consultations are the same as those established at face-to-face visits. Method Primary, observational, prospective, analytical study, with subjects from the local municipal network who were referred to the orthopedics outpatient clinic from May to June 2021. Subjects underwent two assessments: a telemedicine (TM) consultation and a face-to-face (FF) visit. Two different physicians attended to the patients and established a diagnosis. The physician performing the FF visit was not aware of the previous diagnoses. We compared the diagnoses obtained at both modalities to assess the degree of similarity. In addition, we determined the time required for consultations and the degree of satisfaction of the physicians. Results We evaluated 43 patients and seven physicians, totaling 44 TM and 43 FF visits. The diagnostic similarity index was 81.4%. TM consultations were shorter (mean time, 4.8 minutes) than FF visits. Physicians were less satisfied with TM in the four criteria evaluated (respective scores of 79.1, 23.3, 46.6, and 37.2). Conclusion TM consultations have a diagnoses agreement higher than 80% compared with FF visits. On the other hand, TM consultations were faster, and physicians were less satisfied with them in comparison with FF visits.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do estudo foi comparar se os diagnósticos das doenças ortopédicas realizados por teleconsulta (TC) são os mesmos dos atendimentos presenciais. Método Estudo primário, observacional, prospectivo, analítico, com dados colhidos de maio a junho de 2021, com participantes provenientes da rede municipal local que foram encaminhados ao ambulatório de ortopedia de referência e oferecida participação no estudo com duas avaliações: a primeira por teleatendimento e a segunda de forma presencial. Cada participante foi atendido por dois diferentes profissionais, e cada um emitiu um diagnóstico. Os profissionais do atendimento presencial não conheciam os diagnósticos prévios. Os diagnósticos emitidos foram comparados para avaliar o grau de semelhança. Ainda, foi aferido o tempo para realização dos atendimentos e o grau de satisfação do profissional participante. Resultados Foram avaliados 43 pacientes e 07 profissionais participaram, totalizando 44 TC e 43 atendimentos presenciais. O índice de semelhança do diagnóstico foi de 81,4%. A TC teve um tempo menor para realização (média de 4,8 minutos), que o presencial. A satisfação dos profissionais foi menor na TC nos quatro critérios avaliados, sendo, respectivamente, 79,1, 23,3, 46,6 e 37,2. Conclusão A TC tem concordância no diagnóstico superior a 80% em comparação ao atendimento presencial. Já a realização do teleatendimento teve menor tempo de duração e os profissionais se consideraram menos satisfeitos em relação ao atendimento presencial.

La importancia de la correlación clínico- epidemiológica en el diagnóstico temprano de la histoplasmosis: reporte de dos casos clínicos en Popayán, Colombia / The relevance of clinical and epidemiological correlation in the early diagnosis of histoplasmosis: report of two clinical cases in Popayán, Colombia

La histoplasmosis es una micosis endémica en Colombia. Se presentan dos casos del departamento del Cauca, para mostrar el impacto clínico que conlleva un retraso en su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se obtuvo el consentimiento informado para revisar las historias clínicas de los pacientes y publicar los casos. El primer caso se trata de un paciente con infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV), quien presentaba lesiones cutáneas generalizadas atribuidas inicialmente al virus del herpes; post mortem y mediante el cultivo para hongos de muestras de las lesiones dérmicas, se confirmó el diagnóstico de histoplasmosis. El segundo caso es un paciente inmunocompetente con sintomatología pulmonar, a quien se le diagnosticó tuberculosis clínicamente y se le instauró tratamiento; sin embargo, ante la nula mejoría y teniendo en cuenta el antecedente de ingreso a una cueva de murciélagos, se enfocó como una posible histoplasmosis pulmonar y se obtuvo mejoría con el tratamiento. Se revisó la literatura sobre las pruebas de laboratorio y los datos epidemiológicos de histoplasmosis que deben considerar los profesionales de la salud. Se concluyó que las instituciones de salud deben disponer de pruebas rápidas (por ejemplo, antigénicas) para el diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuado de esta micosis, además de adoptar los correctivos necesarios para minimizar la exposición a Histoplasma.

Histoplasmosis is an endemic mycosis in Colombia. Here we present two cases in the Cauca department, to indicate the clinical impact of histoplasmosis delayed diagnosis and treatment when its epidemiology is unknown. Informed consent was requested to review patients' medical records and case report publication. The first case was a patient diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus and generalized presence of skin lesions. Initially, these lesions were diagnosed as herpes, but a postmortem diagnosis confirmed histoplasmosis through fungal cultures of tissues from the skin lesions. The second case is an immunocompetent patient with pulmonary symptoms diagnosed and treated for tuberculosis. However, given the lack of improvement and considering the bat cave entrance history, the patient was treated for possible pulmonary histoplasmosis with an adequate response. We made a review of laboratory tests and histoplasmosis epidemiological data relevant to health professionals. We concluded that health institutions must provide rapid tests, such as antigen ones, to adequately diagnose and treat this mycosis; and also take corrective measures to minimize exposure to Histoplasma.

A universal diagnosis syntax.

BACKGROUND: Diagnoses are crucial assets of clinical work and provide the foundation for treatment and follow up. They should be informative and customized to the patient's problem. Common prefixes, morphemes, and suffixes may aid the implementation of expressions that generate diagnoses. RESULTS: Apt choices of symbols plays a major role in science. In this study, the variables e, o, and p are assigned to names of an etiological agent, a disorder, and a pathogenetic mechanism, respectively. The suffix -itis designates infections, allergies, inflammation, and/or immune reactions. Diagnoses (d) are generated by the formula d:= e&o&p where '&' means concatenation and ':= ' means assignment. Thus, with e:= 'Staphylococcus aureus ', o:= 'endocard', and p:= 'itis', d:= e&o&p generates the diagnosis d = 'Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis'. Diagnoses formed this way comply with common clinical diagnoses. Certain extensions generate complete, systematic medical diagnoses that are applicable to all medical specialties. For example, common medical prefixes, morphemes, and suffixes give rise to o = 'hypothyroidism', o = 'tachycardia', and o = 'hypophagocytosis'. The formula scales well with the developments in clinical medicine, systems biology, molecular biology, and microbiology. The diagnosis generating formula d:= e&o&p requires meticulous analysis of the components of diagnoses plus the introduction of appropriate variables and terms. Terms partition on established clinical categories and adhere to established clinical nomenclature. The syntax generates universal medical diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: The present study concerns a universal diagnosis syntax (UDS) that generates diagnoses using the formula d:= e&o&p with several extensions described in the study. The formula is easy to learn and covers diagnoses in all medical specialties. The present work succeeded in creating diagnoses from the formula. The fundamental insight is that no matter how complicated a diagnosis is it can be generated by a systematic process, which adds terms one by one. UDS may have implications for medical education and classifications. The formula lays a foundation for structured clinical decision-making. Formulas are hallmarks of hard science. So, d:= e&o&p anticipates a scientific medical revolution.

Development and evaluation of a customized checklist to assess the quality control of disease registry systems of Tehran, the capital of Iran in 2021.

BACKGROUND: Clinical registries facilitate medical research by providing 'real data'. In the past decade, an increasing number of disease registry systems (DRS) have been initiated in Iran. Here, we assessed the quality control (QC) of the data recorded in the DRS established by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, the capital city of Iran, in 2021. METHODS: The present study was conducted in two consecutive qualitative and quantitative phases and employed a mixed-method design. A checklist containing 23 questions was developed based on a consensus reached following several panel group discussions, whose face content and construct validities were confirmed. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to verify the tool's internal consistency. Overall, the QC of 49 DRS was assessed in six dimensions, including completeness, timeliness, accessibility, validity, comparability, and interpretability. The seventy percent of the mean score was considered a cut-point for desirable domains. RESULTS: The total content validity index (CVI) was obtained as 0.79, which is a reasonable level. Cronbach's alpha coefficients obtained showed acceptable internal consistency for all of the six QC domains. The data recorded in the registries included different aspects of diagnosis/treatment (81.6%) and treatment quality requirements outcomes (12.2%). According to the acceptable quality cut-point, out of 49 evaluated registries, 48(98%), 46(94%), 41(84%), and 38(77.5%), fulfilled desirable quality scores in terms of interpretability, accessibility, completeness, and comparability, however, 36(73.5%) and 32(65.3%) of registries obtained the quality requirement for timeliness and validity, respectively. CONCLUSION: The checklist developed here, containing customized questions to assess six QC domains of DRSs, provided a valid and reliable tool that could be considered as a proof-of-concept for future investigations. The clinical data available in the studied DRSs fulfilled desirable levels in terms of interpretability, accessibility, comparability, and completeness; however, timeliness and validity of these registries needed to be improved.

Mortalidade por câncer de mama em mulheres idosas no Brasil e nas grandes regiões: uso do SISAP-Idoso / Breast cancer mortality in elderly women in Brazil and metropolitan regions: use of SISAP-Idoso / Mortalidad por cáncer de mama en mujeres mayores en Brasil y regiones metropolitanas: uso de SISAP-Idoso

A idade avançada é um dos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do câncer de mama. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar a situação epidemiológica e o acesso ao diagnóstico do câncer de mama entre idosas nas regiões do Brasil. O estudo é descritivo e compreende o período entre 2000 a 2019. Analisam-se indicadores de mortalidade, morbidade e acesso ao diagnóstico. A qualidade da informação da mortalidade foi analisada pelo indicador 'óbitos com causa básica mal definida'. Segundo os resultados, a maioria dos óbitos foi prematura. As regiões Sul e Sudeste tiveram as maiores taxas de mortalidade por câncer de mama. Nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, há maior subnotificação de óbitos devido à qualidade das informações sobre mortalidade. Conclui-se que as idosas devem ser consideradas nas ações e nos programas sobre câncer de mama e que se deve aumentar o acesso ao diagnóstico das idosas

Advanced age is one of the risk factors for developing breast cancer. The aim of this study is to present the epidemiological situation and the access to breast cancer diagnosis among older people in the regions of Brazil. The study is descriptive and covers the period between 2000 and 2019. Indicators of mortality, morbidity and access to diagnosis are analyzed. The quality of information on mortality was assessed using the indicator 'deaths with an ill-defined underlying cause'. According to the results, most deaths were pre-mature. The South and Southeast regions had the highest mortality rates from breast cancer. In the North and Northeast regions, there is a greater underreporting of deaths due to the quality of information on mortality. It is concluded that the elderly should be considered in actions and programs on breast cancer and that access to diagnosis for the elderly should be expanded

La edad avanzada es uno de los factores de riesgo para desarrollar cáncer de mama. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar la situación epidemiológica y el acceso al diagnóstico de cáncer de mama entre mujeres ancianas en las regiones de Brasil. El estudio es descriptivo y abarca el período comprendido entre 2000 y 2019. Se analizan indicadores de mortalidad, morbilidad y acceso al diagnóstico. La calidad de la infor-mación sobre mortalidad se evaluó mediante el indicador 'muertes con causa subyacente mal definida'. Según los resultados, la mayoría de las muertes fue prematura. Las regiones Sur y Sudeste presentaron las mayores tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de mama. En las regiones Norte y Nordeste, existe un mayor sub-registro de muertes debido a la calidad de la información sobre mortalidad. Se concluye que los ancianos deben ser considerados en las acciones y programas sobre el cáncer de mama y que debe ampliarse el acceso al diagnóstico de los ancianos